FIGURE 1

A schematic of the nested grid system used to numerically predict the cascade of kinetic energy from the macro- through mesoscales. The three forecast phases, distinguished by a maximization of -u¶u/¶x, -v¶ v/¶y, and -w¶w/¶z, cover the following areas while utilizing the grid intervals listed in brackets: I, 4 x 10 ⁶ km² [34 km]; II, 7 x 10⁵ 5 km² [17 km]; III, 1.6 x 10⁵ 5 km² [8 km]. The inner window is used to resolve the microscale physics at gridlengths of 2, 1 and 0.5 km.